Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Financial Model

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A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a collaborative agreement between a government entity and a private-sector company to finance, build, and operate projects that serve the public. These are typically infrastructure-related projects like roads, bridges, airports, water systems, hospitals, schools, and more.

This collaboration typically involves the private sector financing, building, and operating infrastructure or services traditionally provided by the public sector, with the goal of combining the efficiency and innovation of the private sector with the public interest and oversight of the government.

This Financial model is suitable for any type of PPP project and outlines the long-term costs, revenues, and risk-sharing between the public and private sectors. It includes projections for capital investment, operating expenses, financing structure, and potential revenue streams (e.g., user fees or availability payments). The model helps assess project feasibility, ensure value for money, and support negotiations by analyzing returns, payback periods, and risk allocation over the life of the contract.

The model includes the following PPP modes and Revenue Models, allowing the user to select the contract type of the project:

PPP Modes:
• Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT): Under a BOT contract, government grants a concession to a private company to finance, build, and operate a project for a period of 20 to 30 years. After that period, the project is returned to the public entity that originally granted the concession.
• Build-Own-Operate (BOO): Under a BOO contract, the government allows a private company to finance, build, and operate infrastructure over a specified period, and the private company retains ownership of the infrastructure in perpetuity.

Revenue Models:
• User-Pay (Revenue-Risk PPPs): In these models, the private partner recovers its investment through fees paid directly by users of the infrastructure or service. The key modeling concern here is demand risk — future usage and tariff levels must be forecast with precision.
• Availability-Pay (Performance-Based PPPs): These are structured such that the public authority makes regular payments to the private partner, contingent on the infrastructure being available and meeting performance standards. Demand risk is typically retained by the public sector, making this model more predictable in terms of cash flows.

Model Structure:

Project Assumptions:

• PPP Contract: Contract type (BOT or BOO), Revenue Model (User-Pay or Availability-Pay), Contract length (up to 30 years), Development & Operations timing assumptions
• Project Development Budget (Land Costs, Pre-Construction, Hard, Soft costs and Contigencies) including Quarterly Development Charts
• Project Financing (Equity, Debt, and Government Grant)
• Cash Inflows Assumptions for User-Pay (annual revenue) and Availability-Pay (availability payments, performance deduction, Target IRR)
• Annual Operating Expenses and Capital Expenditures Assumptions
• Value for Money Analysis Assumptions (risk adjustments and probability factors, competitive neutrality adjustment, discount rate)
• Debt Financing Assumptions (LTV, Loan terms, Loan Fees, Debt Service Reserves)
• Private Partnership Equity Contribution Assumptions (GP & LP)

Output Reports:

• Monthly and Annual Project Cash Flows incl. before & after Tax Net Cash flows calculations and supporting schedules for PP&E, Debt & Debt Service, Reserve Accounts, Tax Schedule
• Value for Money (VfM) Analysis comparing Public and PPP modes under a User-Pay or Availability Pay revenue model
• Project Returns incl. Unlevered & Levered Cash Flows and Project Return Metrics (NPV, IRR, MOIC)
• Investor Distributions & Returns Waterfall Model
• Project’s Executive Summary

Help & Support

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Reviews

PPP Financial Model review

By John Lee on July 19, 2025 at 23:02 (Verified Purchase)

This is a foundationally great model template.
Given the fiscal pressures of Governments around the world, it may be helpful to include a Hybrid model where there is both an agreed availability payment to set a price floor combined with user-pay model. However, where revenue from users exceeds a certain threshold, the revenue is shared at an agreed proportion between government and private (e.g. 50/50).

Also having all the hidden rows and columns makes the file a bit unnecessarily laggy.

183 of 364 people found this review helpful.

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